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The Peneu Blog

Payments, compliance, and merchant onboarding — explained by the team building India's payment infrastructure.

MDR Explained: What Merchants Pay on UPI, Cards and RuPay, and What Changes on 15 October 2026

The merchant discount rate is the fee a business pays on each digital payment. Here's how it works for UPI, debit and credit cards, why some payments have carried zero MDR since 2020, and exactly what NPCI's new UPI MDR means from 15 October 2026.

By Peneu Editorial Team · 28 September 2026Read Article

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Cover comparing how a payment gateway and a payment aggregator handle a merchant's money

Compliance

Payment Gateway vs Payment Aggregator: Where the Money Actually Sits

A payment gateway moves payment messages; a payment aggregator collects the money and settles it to you. That one difference decides who is regulated, who checks your business, who holds your funds and who you chase when a settlement is late.

28 September 2026 · 11 min read

Cover for a guide on payment options for small businesses and individual sellers in India

Guides

Payment Gateways for Small Businesses and Individuals: What You Can Get Without a Company

You don't need a private limited company to take digital payments. Here's what a proprietor or individual seller can actually get, what an aggregator will check, what each option costs after NPCI's October 2026 UPI change, and when to move up to a full gateway.

28 September 2026 · 10 min read

Cover for a guide on what to do when money is debited but a payment fails

Payments

Money Debited but the Payment Failed: When It Comes Back and What to Do

Your account was debited but the payment shows failed or pending. In most cases the money comes back on its own within a deadline RBI has set for your type of payment, and if it doesn't, the bank owes you ₹100 for every day of delay. Here's how to check, when to act and where to complain.

28 September 2026 · 10 min read

Cover for a merchant guide to chargebacks: the process, the evidence and prevention

Guides

Chargebacks: Why They Happen and How to Answer One

A chargeback is a customer disputing a card payment with their bank instead of asking you for a refund. Here's how the process runs, the reasons behind most disputes, the evidence that actually wins for different kinds of business, and when it's better not to fight.

28 September 2026 · 13 min read

Payments

Moving Customers From Cash on Delivery to Prepaid

Cash on delivery sells, but it costs more than the courier's COD fee: returned orders, double shipping and cash that arrives late. How to work out what COD really costs you per order, and the tactics that move customers to prepaid without losing the sale.

28 September 2026 · 12 min read

Cover for a guide to UPI transaction limits per payment, per day and by merchant category

Payments

UPI Transaction Limits in India: Per Payment, Per Day and by Category

UPI's standard limit is ₹1 lakh per payment, but some merchant categories go up to ₹5 lakh, AutoPay has its own caps, and your bank can set lower limits than any of these. What the current NPCI and RBI limits are, and why a payment can fail well below them.

28 September 2026 · 11 min read

Cover for a guide on cancelling UPI AutoPay mandates and stopping recurring debits

Payments

How to Cancel UPI AutoPay, and Stop a Debit Before It Happens

Cancelling a subscription doesn't always cancel the UPI mandate behind it. How to find every active AutoPay mandate on your account, the difference between pausing and revoking, how to skip a single debit, and what to do if money is taken after you cancelled.

28 September 2026 · 10 min read

Banking

What Is AePS? How Aadhaar Enabled Payments Work

AePS lets anyone with an Aadhaar-linked bank account withdraw cash or check a balance at a local banking agent, using a fingerprint instead of a card or PIN. How a transaction flows, who is involved, how it compares with ATMs and UPI, what happens when it fails, and how to protect yourself.

28 September 2026 · 10 min read

Cover for a guide on verifying customer documents through DigiLocker with consent

Verification

DigiLocker Verification: How Businesses Check Documents With Consent

A document fetched from a customer's DigiLocker, with their consent, comes straight from the issuer, so it can't be a doctored scan. How DigiLocker verification works, issued versus uploaded documents, where it has legal standing, what to check once you have the document, and when it won't work.

28 September 2026 · 10 min read

Showing 1–9 of 26 articles

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